Q1. What is Silverlight?
- Silverlight is a powerful technology used to build rich browser, desktop and mobile user experience (UX) applications with the support for Media, multithreading, data binding, 2-D and 3-D graphics. Powered by the .NET framework, Silveright is a free plug-in and compatible with multiple browsers, devices and operating systems
- It has its own CLR (coreclr.dll) and exists as a browser plug-In (npctrl.dll).
- For Silverlight development, you can either install Silverlight using the Web Platform Installer or use Silverlight 4 Tools for Visual Studio 2010.
- The latest version is Silverlight 4.0 and a plan has been laid out for Silverlight 5.0
- Silverlight is a powerful technology used to build rich browser, desktop and mobile user experience (UX) applications with the support for Media, multithreading, data binding, 2-D and 3-D graphics. Powered by the .NET framework, Silveright is a free plug-in and compatible with multiple browsers, devices and operating systems
- It has its own CLR (coreclr.dll) and exists as a browser plug-In (npctrl.dll).
- For Silverlight development, you can either install Silverlight using the Web Platform Installer or use Silverlight 4 Tools for Visual Studio 2010.
- The latest version is Silverlight 4.0 and a plan has been laid out for Silverlight 5.0
Q2. Is Silverlight a replacement for ASP.NET?
Absolutely not. ASP.NET provides its own power of server side programming, with more enhanced security. Silverlight plugin executes inside the browser sandbox (client side) and needs to be configured explicitly for security using WCF services for authorization and authentication. A mix of ASP.NET and Silverlight is used in most applications.
Absolutely not. ASP.NET provides its own power of server side programming, with more enhanced security. Silverlight plugin executes inside the browser sandbox (client side) and needs to be configured explicitly for security using WCF services for authorization and authentication. A mix of ASP.NET and Silverlight is used in most applications.
Q3. Can we develop Client-server applications or Intranet applications using Silverlight?
This totally depends on the architecture and application requirements. One important thing to note here is that Silverlight applications cannot ‘directly’ connect to the database server. So thinking of a client-server application development using Silverlight might require some thinking on your part. WindowsForm or WPF can be a good choice in this scenario.
This totally depends on the architecture and application requirements. One important thing to note here is that Silverlight applications cannot ‘directly’ connect to the database server. So thinking of a client-server application development using Silverlight might require some thinking on your part. WindowsForm or WPF can be a good choice in this scenario.
Q4. What type of applications can be developed using Silverlight?
You can think of developing browser or mobile applications using Silverlight, where you need to represent output in a graphical form, a rich UX. For E.g. In case of a healthcare application, you can think of using Silverlight for simulating ECG of the patient, as shown below:
You can think of developing browser or mobile applications using Silverlight, where you need to represent output in a graphical form, a rich UX. For E.g. In case of a healthcare application, you can think of using Silverlight for simulating ECG of the patient, as shown below:
The above output
makes use of Polyline 2-D graphical element of Silverlight. Likewise
various types of Line-of-Business (LOB) applications, for various
domains can be developed. Some example are :
- Healthcare.
- Insurance
- Logistic
and any other domains you can think of.
- Healthcare.
- Insurance
- Logistic
and any other domains you can think of.
Q5. How then the data be made available to Silverlight applications?
- For developing Line-Of-Business (LOB) applications, Silverlight supports Data-Binding features with OneWay, TwoWay binding mechanism.
- Using Windows Communication Foundation (WCF), data from the remote server can be made available to Silverlight applications.
- The communication between Silverlight and WCF service is possible using ‘basicHttpBinding’. This is the binding provided in WCF service for HTTP protocol with plain text communication from Silverlight to WCF.
- For developing Line-Of-Business (LOB) applications, Silverlight supports Data-Binding features with OneWay, TwoWay binding mechanism.
- Using Windows Communication Foundation (WCF), data from the remote server can be made available to Silverlight applications.
- The communication between Silverlight and WCF service is possible using ‘basicHttpBinding’. This is the binding provided in WCF service for HTTP protocol with plain text communication from Silverlight to WCF.
Q6. What types of security measures are provided with Silverlight?
- For secure communication, Silverlight makes use of WCF service and uses the security features of WCF.
- You can also make use of Secure Socket Layer (SSL) transport security mechanism from Silverlight to WCF.
- For secure communication, Silverlight makes use of WCF service and uses the security features of WCF.
- You can also make use of Secure Socket Layer (SSL) transport security mechanism from Silverlight to WCF.
Q7. Can the Silverlight application be deployed on the desktop?
- Yes, Absolutely possible. With Silverlight 3.0 version and onwards, the Out-Of-Browser (OOB) facility has been provided. Using this feature, the Silverlight application can be physically deployed on local machine.
- In Silverlight 4.0 the OOB facility has been enhanced with elevated rights, which allows a Silverlight application to do the following:
-Communicate with Word, Excel type applications by using COM enhancements, provided in Silverlight 4.0.
-Communicate with local database e.g. MS-Access, Sql Server etc.
- Yes, Absolutely possible. With Silverlight 3.0 version and onwards, the Out-Of-Browser (OOB) facility has been provided. Using this feature, the Silverlight application can be physically deployed on local machine.
- In Silverlight 4.0 the OOB facility has been enhanced with elevated rights, which allows a Silverlight application to do the following:
-Communicate with Word, Excel type applications by using COM enhancements, provided in Silverlight 4.0.
-Communicate with local database e.g. MS-Access, Sql Server etc.
Q8. Where is the Silverlight application present, is it on the Web server or on the Client?
- The Silverlight application in most cases is hosted in an ASP.NET webpage, although it can be hosted on HTML pages too. The extension of the SL plugin is .xap.
- When the end-user makes an HTTP request to this ASP.NET page (.aspx), the Silverlight application is made available to the browser and the result is displayed.
- The Silverlight application in most cases is hosted in an ASP.NET webpage, although it can be hosted on HTML pages too. The extension of the SL plugin is .xap.
- When the end-user makes an HTTP request to this ASP.NET page (.aspx), the Silverlight application is made available to the browser and the result is displayed.
Q9. What are the controls provided in Silverlight for Line-of-Business (LOB) applications?
You can make use of following controls:
- DataGrid.
- DataForm.
- Chart controls etc.
You can make use of following controls:
- DataGrid.
- DataForm.
- Chart controls etc.
Q10. Can the Silverlight application communicate with ASP.NET?
This can be possible using:
- Cookies.
- QueryString.
- You can use JavaScript on the ASP.NET page and it can be called in Silverlight.
This can be possible using:
- Cookies.
- QueryString.
- You can use JavaScript on the ASP.NET page and it can be called in Silverlight.
Q11. What is the real advantage of using Excel/Word files or local database in Silverlight?
- This can be required when the end-user is using Silverlight application in OOB (Out-Of-Browser) and for storing and fetching the frequently required data, instead of relying on WCF service for data communication, the data can be fetched and stored in Excel sheet on the local database
- In case of the Excel/Word files communication, they are recommended to be stored in ‘MyDocuments’ special folder.
- This can be required when the end-user is using Silverlight application in OOB (Out-Of-Browser) and for storing and fetching the frequently required data, instead of relying on WCF service for data communication, the data can be fetched and stored in Excel sheet on the local database
- In case of the Excel/Word files communication, they are recommended to be stored in ‘MyDocuments’ special folder.
Q12.What are the advantages of Extensible Application Markup Language (XAML) over C# or VB.NET
- One important thing note here is that C#/VB.NET (code-behind files) have their own important roles to play.
- XAML provides lots of features like code-less development, creating complex UI controls E.g. creating image list by using ListBox and Image control used together.
- The XAML file can define an instance of the class created using C# and VB.NET and all public properties declared in this class can be directly bound in XAML elements.
- One important thing note here is that C#/VB.NET (code-behind files) have their own important roles to play.
- XAML provides lots of features like code-less development, creating complex UI controls E.g. creating image list by using ListBox and Image control used together.
- The XAML file can define an instance of the class created using C# and VB.NET and all public properties declared in this class can be directly bound in XAML elements.
Q13. Can we use any specific Patterns in Silverlight programming?
- Yes. In Silverlight, Model-View-View-Model (MVVM) can be used for loosely coupled application development where code can be completed isolated from the XAML.
- We can also use Prism in Silverlight which is a set of classes provided for developing next generation loosely coupled, flexible LOB applications.
Once you build your project, it will create the XAP file (in our case: SilverlightApps.HelloSilverlight.xap) and put it into the ClientBin directory of the web project. When the page loads it will pickup from the same location as the source you specified inside the aspx/html page.
Lets walk-through each lines of the code. It contains a UserControl as root of the file which may contain all other controls inside it. The following line tells the compiler to use the specified class to use:
The next couple of lines beginning with xmlns tells the compiler to import some namespaces which can be used by the Silverlight XAML page.
The following line speaks about the design time Height & Width of the Silverlight page:
If you want to specify actual Height & Width of your Silverlight application, you can manually append the following line inside that:
Next comes the Grid control which is used as a layout panel and that can include more other controls. Though the default XAML file uses the Grid as the layout panel, you can change it to any other panel as per your need. I will discuss about the various panel later in this tutorial.
“MainPage.xaml” has also it’s code behind file like App.xaml & you can use this to write code to develop your functionalities. By default, it comes empty with a call to Initialize() method inside the Constructor of the MainPage class. The implementation of this method is also available in a different partial class of MainPage inside “MainPage.g.i.cs” like “App” class. Whenever you add some controls inside the XAML page, it will be loaded here.
- Yes. In Silverlight, Model-View-View-Model (MVVM) can be used for loosely coupled application development where code can be completed isolated from the XAML.
- We can also use Prism in Silverlight which is a set of classes provided for developing next generation loosely coupled, flexible LOB applications.
What is XAP file?
XAP (pronounced as ZAP) is the compressed output of the Silverlight Application which includes application manifest file, compiled output assembly and other resources used by your silverlight application. This uses the normal ZIP compression method to reduce the total download size. When you build your Silverlight application, it actually generates this .XAP file & puts in the output folder which the .aspx page refers as source to load the application.Once you build your project, it will create the XAP file (in our case: SilverlightApps.HelloSilverlight.xap) and put it into the ClientBin directory of the web project. When the page loads it will pickup from the same location as the source you specified inside the aspx/html page.
What is MainPage.xaml file?
When you create the Silverlight project, Visual Studio IDE will automatically add a default “MainPage.xaml” file which is actually a startpage for your Silverlight application. You can modify this page as per your need or can create a new one. So, what’s there inside the file? Lets look at it:Lets walk-through each lines of the code. It contains a UserControl as root of the file which may contain all other controls inside it. The following line tells the compiler to use the specified class to use:
The next couple of lines beginning with xmlns tells the compiler to import some namespaces which can be used by the Silverlight XAML page.
The following line speaks about the design time Height & Width of the Silverlight page:
If you want to specify actual Height & Width of your Silverlight application, you can manually append the following line inside that:
Next comes the Grid control which is used as a layout panel and that can include more other controls. Though the default XAML file uses the Grid as the layout panel, you can change it to any other panel as per your need. I will discuss about the various panel later in this tutorial.
“MainPage.xaml” has also it’s code behind file like App.xaml & you can use this to write code to develop your functionalities. By default, it comes empty with a call to Initialize() method inside the Constructor of the MainPage class. The implementation of this method is also available in a different partial class of MainPage inside “MainPage.g.i.cs” like “App” class. Whenever you add some controls inside the XAML page, it will be loaded here.
How can I host a Silverlight Application?
When you create a Silverlight project, it asks you to create a Web Application project. This project is responsible for hosting your XAP file. Generally Silverlight application doesn’t require any server to host it to run, but if you are planning to host it in web you must need a web server for that.Once you publish your Web Application to host in IIS, you may need to add three MIME types in your IIS Server. This is require to host it in earlier versions of IIS. Latest version of IIS comes with that configuration by default. Followings are the list of MIME Types those you need to add in your IIS Properties:
.xap application/x-silverlight-app
.xaml application/xaml+xml
.xbap application/x-ms-xbap
Silverlight Application (XAP) generally loads inside the ASPX or HTML pages pointing to the path to load the XAP. The aspx/html page uses <object /> tag to load the Silverlight application.
Here is the code present inside the aspx/html pages for loading the Silverlight XAP:
Let us go line by line to learn the basics of it.
- In the first line <object> tag tells the browser to load the Silverlight plug-in.
- Next couple of lines uses <param> tag.
- The first param “source” has the value to the location of the .xap file.
- Second param “onError” tells the plug-in to call the javascript method mentioned in the value, if any application error occurs.
- The third param “background” specifies the color of the Silverlight application background.
- The next param “minRuntimeVersion” specifies the minimum required plug-in version to load your Silverlight application.
- If “autoUpgrade” is set as true in the next param, it will automatically upgrade the runtime.
- The next lines are very interesting. Whatever you design there, will not be visible in the browser in normal scenarios. If the user doesn’t have Silverlight runtime installed in his PC or the Silverlight plug-in is disabled this section will visible to the user. This part is well known as “Silverlight Installation Experience panel”. By default, it shows a Silverlight image to download the runtime from Microsoft site. When the user clicks on it, this starts the installation. I will discuss about the Silverlight Experience later in depth.
What is XAML?
XAML stands for eXtended Application Markup Language. It is nothing but an XML file which is used to declaratively create the User Interface of the Silverlight or WPF applications. This XAML file generally rendered by the Silverlight plugin and displayed inside the browser window. When you compile your projects which includes XAML pages, those first converts into BAML (Binary Application Markup Language) and then rendered in the web browser window. Let use see a simple example of XAML here:
The above XAML is a typical example where I am creating a text using the TextBlock control by specifying different properties as attributes to the control for name, font-family, weight, text etc.
What is Silverlight?
Silverlight is a powerful cross-browser & cross-platform technology for building the next generation web experience & rich internet applications for the web. You can run Silverlight in most of all the popular browsers like Internet Explorer, Firefox, Chrome, Safari etc. Silverlight can run in various devices and operating systems like Windows, Apple Mac OS-X and Windows Phone 7. Using Silverlight you can create rich, visually stunning web applications like flash. Also you can create smooth animations using Storyboards; you can stream media over the net etc.Silverlight web browser plug-in comes as free to install (approximately 4-5 MB in size). You can download the required plug-in from Microsoft Silverlight Site.
What is App.xaml file?
App.xaml file is the loader of your Silverlight Application. You can declare your shared/global resources, styles, templates, different brushes inside this file which will be accessible by your application.A typical App.xaml file looks like:
It has a code behind file too named as “App.xaml.cs”. This file is used to handle global application level events which you can use as per your need. Visual Studio creates these two files at the time of project creation. The three events inside the App.xaml.cs are:
- Application_Startup
- Application_Exit
- Application_UnhandledException.
Let us do a brief discussion on each part of the code file.
Overview of App Constructor: Inside the constructor of the App class you will find that all the three event has been registered. Also, there is a call to InitializeComponent() method. If you look around the whole class you will not find the method implementation. Strange!!! Where is the method?
The method has been implemented inside the partial class of the App class. If you go to the definition or just press F12 on top of the method, Visual Studio will open up the actual file named “App.g.i.cs” which contains the partial implementation of the same class. There you will find the method implementation.
What this method does: This method is responsible to load the XAML using the LoadComponent() method into the memory which can be used by your application.
What can we do inside the App.g.i.cs file: App.g.i.cs file is auto generated by the compiler and hence if you modify something there will be overwritten by the compiler itself on next build.
Why this file is not available inside my solution: As this is an compiler generated file, it has been placed inside the temporary directory named “obj”. If you go to the solution directory you will see the “obj” folder. Open it and browse through it’s subfolder (either debug or release) and you will see the file placed there. If you are unable to find it there, just do a rebuild of your solution and immediately it will be created there.
Overview of Application_Startup Event:
Application_Startup event is the root of your application. In this event you can create the instance of your initial page and set it as the RootVisual. Also, if you want to create some global objects or want to write some app initialization code, then this Application_Startup event will be the best part for you to implement it.
Overview of Application_Exit Event:
Similarly, you can write code to cleanup objects or do something when closing the application inside the Application_Exit event.
Overview of Application_UnhandledException Event:
If any exception comes while running and you didn’t handle that in the actual place, you can write some code in Application_UnhandledException to log the error details into database or show some message to the user. This will allow the application to continue running after an exception has been thrown. By default, if the app is running outside of the debugger then report the exception using the Browser DOM & the error will be visible in the status bar of Internet Explorer.
What are the Prerequisite to create a new Silverlight Application?
Before starting with the Silverlight application development be sure you have all the necessary softwares installed in your PC. If you don’t have then follow the steps mentioned in Microsoft Silverlight Site (http://silverlight.net/getstarted/) to download & install the following items in your development environment:- Visual Studio 2008 SP1 for Silverlight 3 application development or Visual Studio 2010 for Silverlight 3 & Silverlight 4 application development
- Silverlight 3 Tools for Visual Studio 2008 SP1 or Silverlight 4 Tools for Visual Studio 2010
- Expression Blend 3 for Silverlight 3 or Expression Blend 4 Preview for Silverlight 4 (optional)
- WCF RIA Services for Silverlight (optional)
- Silverlight 3 Toolkit or Silverlight 4 Toolkit based on your earlier version of Silverlight (optional)
If you have proper development environment ready for Silverlight application you can proceed to the next chapter for creating our first simple Silverlight project. I am using Visual Studio 2010 RC and Silverlight 4 RC while writing these applications. Hence, the attached samples will not open in Visual Studio 2008.
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