Explain Encapsulation with an Example

What is Encapsulation?

• Encapsulation is one of the fundamental principles of object-oriented programming.
• Encapsulation is a process of hiding all the internal details of an object from the outside world
• Encapsulation is the ability to hide its data and methods from outside the world and only expose data and methods that are required
• Encapsulation is a protective barrier that prevents the code and data being randomly accessed by other code or by outside the class
• Encapsulation gives us maintainability, flexibility and extensibility to our code.
• Encapsulation makes implementation inaccessible to other parts of the program and protect from whatever actions might be taken outside the function or class.
• Encapsulation provides a way to protect data from accidental corruption
• Encapsulation hides information within an object
• Encapsulation is the technique or process of making the fields in a class private and providing access to the fields using public methods
• Encapsulation gives you the ability to validate the values before the object user change or obtain the value
• Encapsulation allows us to create a "black box" and protects an objects internal state from corruption by its clients.
• Encapsulation is a procedure of covering up of the data & functions into a single unit called as class 

Two ways to create a validation process.

• Using Accessors and Mutators
• Using properties

In this example _employeeid and _salary is private fields and providing access to the fields using public methods (SetEmployeeID,GetEmployeeID,SetSalary,GetSalary)

In this example _employeeid and _salary is private fields and providing access to the fields using public methods (EmployeeID,Salary)

Benefits of Encapsulation

• In Encapsulation fields of a class can be read-only or can be write-only
• A class can have control over in its fields
• A class can change data type of its fields anytime but users of this class do not need to change any code